asanghi
01-24 11:43 AM
I just can't believe how many times this topic has come up, and yet keeps coming up.
We have had long heated discussions on this topic many times, and always come to the same conclusion and that is to push for filing I-485 without visa availability. This topis has so oft debated, there is no merit in kicking it up again.
We have had long heated discussions on this topic many times, and always come to the same conclusion and that is to push for filing I-485 without visa availability. This topis has so oft debated, there is no merit in kicking it up again.
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pushkarw
12-21 12:44 PM
Have you contributed to the MILLION dollar drive? Please visit the funding thread!
chanduv23
11-06 10:08 AM
I believe you are in New York. Next time try the direct flight from Mumbai to Newark. I heard thats the best my friend just tried it and he was going gaga about it. I am sure your inlaws can manage Chennai to Mumbai. What are the chances u can find someone who can speak Tamil ,Telgu in Mumbai than in Brussles or any other stopoever in Europe. :-)
Air India (direct Mumbai to JFK) is Rs 70,000 INR and Jet Airways is giving promotional offer rs 47,000 INR in January 2nd week, which is peak season.
Lufthansa, Emirates, KLM are all in Rs 57,000 to Rs 65,000 INR range.
Only thing we are worried about is connecting in Burssels, I guess that should be fine if we ask for a wheelchair.
Thanks for all your inputs.
Air India (direct Mumbai to JFK) is Rs 70,000 INR and Jet Airways is giving promotional offer rs 47,000 INR in January 2nd week, which is peak season.
Lufthansa, Emirates, KLM are all in Rs 57,000 to Rs 65,000 INR range.
Only thing we are worried about is connecting in Burssels, I guess that should be fine if we ask for a wheelchair.
Thanks for all your inputs.
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nmdial
08-04 11:02 AM
am staying in US for d past 4 yrs ,have a H1 B visa. i want to invite my younger brother and mom for a ONE month visit to US.My mom has already got 10 yrs of visa as she visited dis place in 2008. My brother has just completed his engineering , is 21 yrs of age and has got placed in infosys.His joining date is in December, so would it be easy for him to get d visitors visa as even i want him to have some fun b4 starting off with his work life. Should he carry his offer letter with him and also would it b wise to book d ticket in advance and show them d return ticket as a proof just to tell them tat he will b back in a month and also would like to know the other questions which r expected. Please HELP.Looking forward to your replies
thanks in advance:)
I am in a similar boat as I want to invite my sister on a visitor visa for a month here. I think, any document that supports the fact that the visitor will return to India is always helpful.
thanks in advance:)
I am in a similar boat as I want to invite my sister on a visitor visa for a month here. I think, any document that supports the fact that the visitor will return to India is always helpful.
more...
roseball
02-25 12:58 PM
I started talking to new employer about my joining and I requested for preparing PERM stuff before I join. This is the only this I want the new employer to do on behalf me before I join with him. The employer said Prevailing Wage determination takes 2 months. And the new employer mentioned that he can not do Prevailing Wage determination without joining. Is this right?
PWD has nothing to do with you joining them. All DOL does in PWD is it assigns a salary range based on the location of the job and the minimum requirements defined for the position. BTW, it is infact taking 2-3 months to get PWD these days.
PWD has nothing to do with you joining them. All DOL does in PWD is it assigns a salary range based on the location of the job and the minimum requirements defined for the position. BTW, it is infact taking 2-3 months to get PWD these days.
plassey
07-24 09:58 AM
These are some good options but don't agree fully with F-1 strategy. For F-1 u have to show non immigrant intent. So u can delay ur marriage registeration. I think it is better if he applies for F-1 without disclosing that he is married.
People, First of all, if you don�t have answers please dont post junk!
Options:
1. Bring him to USA on F-1. With a good GRE, TOEFL score, an admit from a good university and a true passion to do M.S. will help get a F-1 Visa. Also, your friend can pay for his first semester fees, which will also help to build a strong F-1 case.
2. Look for a job for him in a public/non-profit organization where you don�t have a lot of H-1 restrictions. Ask him to build up his skill set and be prepared to do any kind of employment.
3. I am not too familiar with "Follow-to-join" process, but that might be an option. ***May not be applicable, but just a thought***
4. Like someone mentioned, both of you relocate to Canada, where its easier to get Perm residency.
5. Ask her to apply for Citizenship whenever she is eligible, so that, its much easier to bring the spouse in. ***Might take a few years, but it still is an option***
Hope these help.
People, First of all, if you don�t have answers please dont post junk!
Options:
1. Bring him to USA on F-1. With a good GRE, TOEFL score, an admit from a good university and a true passion to do M.S. will help get a F-1 Visa. Also, your friend can pay for his first semester fees, which will also help to build a strong F-1 case.
2. Look for a job for him in a public/non-profit organization where you don�t have a lot of H-1 restrictions. Ask him to build up his skill set and be prepared to do any kind of employment.
3. I am not too familiar with "Follow-to-join" process, but that might be an option. ***May not be applicable, but just a thought***
4. Like someone mentioned, both of you relocate to Canada, where its easier to get Perm residency.
5. Ask her to apply for Citizenship whenever she is eligible, so that, its much easier to bring the spouse in. ***Might take a few years, but it still is an option***
Hope these help.
more...
sujith1
07-07 06:05 PM
Yes - 485 can only be applied if ithe dates are current
Thanks for the valuable information. But we all know the I-485 process take long period of time. Mean time if I marry again, do I have to wait for the priority date to be current in order to Apply I-485 for my new wife?
thanks
balan.
Thanks for the valuable information. But we all know the I-485 process take long period of time. Mean time if I marry again, do I have to wait for the priority date to be current in order to Apply I-485 for my new wife?
thanks
balan.
2010 into the Hitler Youth!”
ArkBird
06-26 10:42 PM
If possible, try to get hospital record of live birth. Though it is not birth certificate, it may be used as secondary evidence.
I am thinking to get the AFFEDEVITS of my wife from her FATHER and MOTHER stating the inforation of my her BIRTH.
My wife was born in XYZ city but now her parents reside in ABC city. My question is will it be OK if her parents get the AFFEDEVIT from ABC city stating that she was born on XXX in XYZ city or does the AFFEDEVIT has to be made from XYZ city only.
I just thought of this and wasnt sure if its ok or not. Can any one please clarrify?
Thanks in advance. !!!!
I am thinking to get the AFFEDEVITS of my wife from her FATHER and MOTHER stating the inforation of my her BIRTH.
My wife was born in XYZ city but now her parents reside in ABC city. My question is will it be OK if her parents get the AFFEDEVIT from ABC city stating that she was born on XXX in XYZ city or does the AFFEDEVIT has to be made from XYZ city only.
I just thought of this and wasnt sure if its ok or not. Can any one please clarrify?
Thanks in advance. !!!!
more...
gopalkrishan
08-03 03:22 PM
Hmmmm .. I have been thinking of losing a bit weight now, after everybody started pointing it out to me.. The rationale behind it being that since I am going �over the hill� I should start looking after myself..
I decided to just touch the fringes, so made a mistake of floating out my idea and BOOM the world crashed .. I was flooded with suggestions, drowning in motivational talks and sometimes buried under laughter of the unbelievers. I was first told to stop BEER (*actually started with BEER and changed to ALCOHOL*) completely as it increases water retention in the body, making you bloat up.. Then one nice (*and i believe he must have been a veggie extremist*) person come up with surefire idea of giving up non-veg food, and that not only would reduce weight but also cholesterol and what not.. Next on the sacrifice list was Rice as it had carbohydrates, then came universal food vegetable - Potatoes, they shared the same vice as Rice.. One suggested to drink lot of water, another suggested lot (*I believe exact words were "minimum half a liter"*) of milk..
Best was when one sane(*or so I thought*) person suggested eating lots of fruits .. until it came down to restrictions .. I could not eat banana as they were not exactly diet fruit .. Watermelon at night was a no-no as they did not get digested easily .. Papaya were frowned upon as they generate lot of heat in body and so on so forth ...
Before you start wondering .. They also coached me about eating habits .. I prefer to go to the Gym(*actually started from yesterday only*) in evenings and that was the hinge on which raged the eye of the storm, i mean discussion .. One suggested no eating for couple of hours before and AFTER gym and another suggested that I eat soon after coming back so that the food could settle for couple of hours before i slept.. One frowned upon having water with food or rather immediately after eating it .. Come On .. if I bite into a red hot pepper am I still supposed to wait for an hour to have that glass of water??
Anyways, after listening to all this, the only thing I could think of was GITA .. this world is all an illusion of temptations and ascending beyond the web of mortal hope and trepidation will lead to salvation.. I felt as if I was being groomed to go in a battle .. No no, that�s a wrong analogy.. as if I was being groomed to rise over my mortality and mortal temptations to achieve sainthood in the vast lonely reaches of Himalayas..
Tsk Tsk, such a big decision to follow .. I need strength for this .. Let me grab my BEER and CHICKEN so that I can contently introspect, contemplate and find some strength TO LOSE WEIGHT ..
Cheers to losing weight (*was only on my 3rd beer yet, while thinking of penning this down*) :d
Gopal Krishan
I decided to just touch the fringes, so made a mistake of floating out my idea and BOOM the world crashed .. I was flooded with suggestions, drowning in motivational talks and sometimes buried under laughter of the unbelievers. I was first told to stop BEER (*actually started with BEER and changed to ALCOHOL*) completely as it increases water retention in the body, making you bloat up.. Then one nice (*and i believe he must have been a veggie extremist*) person come up with surefire idea of giving up non-veg food, and that not only would reduce weight but also cholesterol and what not.. Next on the sacrifice list was Rice as it had carbohydrates, then came universal food vegetable - Potatoes, they shared the same vice as Rice.. One suggested to drink lot of water, another suggested lot (*I believe exact words were "minimum half a liter"*) of milk..
Best was when one sane(*or so I thought*) person suggested eating lots of fruits .. until it came down to restrictions .. I could not eat banana as they were not exactly diet fruit .. Watermelon at night was a no-no as they did not get digested easily .. Papaya were frowned upon as they generate lot of heat in body and so on so forth ...
Before you start wondering .. They also coached me about eating habits .. I prefer to go to the Gym(*actually started from yesterday only*) in evenings and that was the hinge on which raged the eye of the storm, i mean discussion .. One suggested no eating for couple of hours before and AFTER gym and another suggested that I eat soon after coming back so that the food could settle for couple of hours before i slept.. One frowned upon having water with food or rather immediately after eating it .. Come On .. if I bite into a red hot pepper am I still supposed to wait for an hour to have that glass of water??
Anyways, after listening to all this, the only thing I could think of was GITA .. this world is all an illusion of temptations and ascending beyond the web of mortal hope and trepidation will lead to salvation.. I felt as if I was being groomed to go in a battle .. No no, that�s a wrong analogy.. as if I was being groomed to rise over my mortality and mortal temptations to achieve sainthood in the vast lonely reaches of Himalayas..
Tsk Tsk, such a big decision to follow .. I need strength for this .. Let me grab my BEER and CHICKEN so that I can contently introspect, contemplate and find some strength TO LOSE WEIGHT ..
Cheers to losing weight (*was only on my 3rd beer yet, while thinking of penning this down*) :d
Gopal Krishan
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whitecollarslave
02-06 05:27 PM
I don't think an employer can force you to repay the green card costs if you leave them as soon as you get it. That is illegal and against the law to make a foreign national pay for the costs of green card sponsorship!
I know its against the law to make the employee pay for H1-B application fees (not attorney fees). I have not heard about any law that prohibits employers from making the employees pay for green card costs. Can you provide information on where you go this information and/or point to some credible source which we can use as a reference in case we need to?
I know its against the law to make the employee pay for H1-B application fees (not attorney fees). I have not heard about any law that prohibits employers from making the employees pay for green card costs. Can you provide information on where you go this information and/or point to some credible source which we can use as a reference in case we need to?
more...
maximus777
09-10 03:05 PM
Which EB category are you shooting for?
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arunmohan
11-14 03:51 PM
Thank you roseball. What is H1 COE?
more...
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everonh1
06-21 02:59 PM
I am in same boat.
Here is my experience with USCIS at San Francisco:-
Went to USCIS SFO Today.
They bluntly told me that they have no process to re-issue I-94s.
Either file an H1 Extension or leave the country and get back in for a new extended I-94.
I argued with them that this is real crazy - how come you dont have a process to fix the I-94 after passport is extended and well before I-94 expiry date.
They had no answer and stuck to their answer that they cant do much and I have only those 2 options.
I asked them if San Francisco CBP will fix it - they said NO,they wont.
Also,apparently as per USCIS officials,I cant go to any of the border Countries like Canada,Mexico as they dont issue I-94 if stay there is less than 30 days.
So I have to go out to any country other than border countries and only then I-94 will be issued?
How more crazy can USCIS be?
How come AILA or someone never raised this issue with USCIS- as this is such a common scenario.
Here is my experience with USCIS at San Francisco:-
Went to USCIS SFO Today.
They bluntly told me that they have no process to re-issue I-94s.
Either file an H1 Extension or leave the country and get back in for a new extended I-94.
I argued with them that this is real crazy - how come you dont have a process to fix the I-94 after passport is extended and well before I-94 expiry date.
They had no answer and stuck to their answer that they cant do much and I have only those 2 options.
I asked them if San Francisco CBP will fix it - they said NO,they wont.
Also,apparently as per USCIS officials,I cant go to any of the border Countries like Canada,Mexico as they dont issue I-94 if stay there is less than 30 days.
So I have to go out to any country other than border countries and only then I-94 will be issued?
How more crazy can USCIS be?
How come AILA or someone never raised this issue with USCIS- as this is such a common scenario.
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sainwa
07-06 01:53 PM
there are some beginner level shootng courses, inquire at your local gun store.
make sure you understand the law about keeping the gun (concealed/un-concealed) etc how to carry in vehicle , work safety laws about the gun being present in your vehicle at work parking site.
if you understand the law well then there shoudl not be any issue.
Store's are on 6 month back order on the top selling ones. Even if you get one, getting ammo is a big challenge now a days. They are also back ordered for many days due to hign demand.
I bought some decent amount of gold with my glock too ;)
Dollar may crash any day in next 2-3 years. that is day , when things will go out of control.
make sure you understand the law about keeping the gun (concealed/un-concealed) etc how to carry in vehicle , work safety laws about the gun being present in your vehicle at work parking site.
if you understand the law well then there shoudl not be any issue.
Store's are on 6 month back order on the top selling ones. Even if you get one, getting ammo is a big challenge now a days. They are also back ordered for many days due to hign demand.
I bought some decent amount of gold with my glock too ;)
Dollar may crash any day in next 2-3 years. that is day , when things will go out of control.
more...
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ItIsNotFunny
03-12 09:35 PM
Received a mail for myself and my wife. welcome to USA. But no email from CRIS.
:):):):):):)
Congratulations! Have a free life.
:):):):):):)
Congratulations! Have a free life.
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sash
06-19 09:48 PM
I am not sure I understand your comments. Can you elaborate on the risks and required travel documents?
more...
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nogc_noproblem
10-23 08:50 PM
Thanks Vivek (Walking_Dude) for taking effort and arranging this. Nice meeting all of you at Troy.
Interestingly, when we got introduced our self I found that couple of guys are from my apartment complex where I live for the past three years but never met them before. Another two guys from nearby apartments which are in walk able distance.
It is for sure that the State Chapters are good networking opportunity for everybody. Definitely it will help each of us one or the other way. Let us keep it going.
Interestingly, when we got introduced our self I found that couple of guys are from my apartment complex where I live for the past three years but never met them before. Another two guys from nearby apartments which are in walk able distance.
It is for sure that the State Chapters are good networking opportunity for everybody. Definitely it will help each of us one or the other way. Let us keep it going.
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martinvisalaw
12-01 06:00 PM
The relevant dates, as I see it, are:
10/06: H-1B ext filed
12/06: H-1B expired, ext still pending
7/07: 485 filed.
??: H-1B ext denied?
Using INA 245k you may be able to argue that you are eligible to adjust because you may not have violated status for over 180 days, or at all, before filing the 485. Recent CIS memos on the issue of unlawful presence and related topics have made this a very complicated subject, so you really need to review the entire history with an immigration attorney in a formal consultation.
10/06: H-1B ext filed
12/06: H-1B expired, ext still pending
7/07: 485 filed.
??: H-1B ext denied?
Using INA 245k you may be able to argue that you are eligible to adjust because you may not have violated status for over 180 days, or at all, before filing the 485. Recent CIS memos on the issue of unlawful presence and related topics have made this a very complicated subject, so you really need to review the entire history with an immigration attorney in a formal consultation.
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purgan
01-22 11:35 AM
http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5585.html
The Immigrant Technologist:
Studying Technology Transfer with China
Q&A with: William Kerr and Michael Roberts
Published: January 22, 2007
Author: Michael Roberts
Executive Summary:
Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S., and are prime drivers of technology development. Increasingly, however, Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs are staying home to pursue opportunities. Is this a brain drain? Professor William Kerr discusses the phenomena of technology transfer and implications for U.S.-based businesses and policymakers.
The trend of Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs staying home rather than moving to the United States is a trend that potentially offers both harm and opportunity to U.S.-based interests.
Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S. and are strong contributors to American technology development. It is in the United States' interest to attract and retain this highly skilled group.
U.S. multinationals are placing larger shares of their R&D into foreign countries, around 15 percent today. U.S.-based ethnic scientists within multinationals help facilitate the operation of these foreign direct investment facilities in their home countries.
Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S., and are prime drivers of technology development. Increasingly, however, Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs are staying home to pursue opportunities. Is this a brain drain?
Q: Describe your research and how it relates to what you observed in China.
A: My research focuses on technology transfer through ethnic scientific and entrepreneurial networks. Traditional models of technology diffusion suggest that if you have a great idea, people who are ten feet away from you will learn about that idea first, followed by people who are 100 miles away, and so forth in concentric circles. My research on ethnic networks suggests this channel facilitates faster knowledge transfer and faster adoption of foreign technologies. For example, if the Chinese have a strong presence in the U.S. computer industry, relative to other ethnic groups, then computer technologies diffuse faster to China than elsewhere. This is true even for computer advances made by Americans, as the U.S.-based Chinese increase awareness and tacit knowledge development regarding these advances in their home country.
Q: Is your research relevant to other countries as well?
China is at a tipping point for entrepreneurship on an international scale.A: Yes, I have extended my empirical work to include over thirty industries and nine ethnicities, including Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Hispanic. It is very important to develop a broad sample to quantify correctly the overall importance of these networks. The Silicon Valley Chinese are a very special case, and my work seeks to understand the larger benefit these networks provide throughout the global economy. These macroeconomic findings are important inputs to business and policy circles.
Q: What makes technology transfer happen? Is it entrepreneurial opportunity in the home country, a loyalty to the home country, or government policies that encourage or require people to come home?
A: It's all of those. Surveys of these diasporic communities suggest they aid their home countries through both formal business relationships and informal contacts. Formal mechanisms run the spectrum from direct financial investment in overseas businesses that pursue technology opportunities to facilitating contracts and market awareness. Informal contacts are more frequent�the evidence we have suggests they are at least twice as common�and even more diverse in nature. Ongoing research will allow us to better distinguish these channels. A Beijing scholar we met on the trip, Henry Wang, and I are currently surveying a large population of Chinese entrepreneurs to paint a more comprehensive picture of the micro-underpinnings of this phenomena.
Q: What about multinational corporations? How do they fit into this scenario?
A: One of the strongest trends of globalization is that U.S. multinationals are placing larger shares of their R&D into foreign countries. About 5 percent of U.S.-sponsored R&D was done in foreign countries in the 1980s, and that number is around 15 percent today. We visited Microsoft's R&D center in Beijing to learn more about its R&D efforts and interactions with the U.S. parent. This facility was founded in the late 1990s, and it has already grown to house a third of Microsoft's basic-science R&D researchers. More broadly, HBS assistant professor Fritz Foley and I are working on a research project that has found that U.S.-based ethnic scientists within multinationals like Microsoft help facilitate the operation of these foreign direct investment facilities in their home countries.
Q: Does your research have implications for U.S. policy?
A: One implication concerns immigration levels. It is interesting to note that while immigrants account for about 15 percent of the U.S. working population, they account for almost half of our Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers. Even within the Ph.D. ranks, foreign-born individuals have a disproportionate number of Nobel Prizes, elections to the National Academy of Sciences, patent citations, and so forth. They are a very strong contributor to U.S. technology development, so it is in the United States' interest to attract and retain this highly skilled group. It is one of the easiest policy levers we have to influence our nation's rate of innovation.
Q: Are countries that send their scholars to the United States losing their best and brightest?
A: My research shows that having these immigrant scientists, entrepreneurs, and engineers in the United States helps facilitate faster technology transfer from the United States, which in turn aids economic growth and development. This is certainly a positive benefit diasporas bring to their home countries. It is important to note, however, that a number of factors should be considered in the "brain drain" versus "brain gain" debate, for which I do not think there is a clear answer today.
Q: Where does China stand in relation to some of the classic tiger economies that we've seen in the past in terms of technology transfer?
A: Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and similar smaller economies have achieved a full transition from agriculture-based economies to industrialized economies. In those situations, technology transfer increases labor productivity and wages directly. The interesting thing about China and also India is that about half of their populations are still employed in the agricultural sector. In this scenario, technology transfer may lead to faster sector reallocation�workers moving from agriculture to industry�which can weaken wage growth compared with the classic tiger economy example. This is an interesting dynamic we see in China today.
Q: The export growth that technology may engender is only one prong of the mechanism that helps economic development. Does technology also make purely domestic industries more productive?
A: Absolutely. My research shows that countries do increase their exports in industries that receive large technology infusions, but non-exporting industries also benefit from technology gains. Moreover, the technology transfer can raise wages in sectors that do not rely on technology to the extent there is labor mobility across sectors. A hairdresser in the United States, for example, makes more money than a hairdresser in China, and that is due in large part to the wage equilibrium that occurs across occupations and skill categories within an economy. Technology transfer may alter the wage premiums assigned to certain skill sets, for example, increasing the wage gaps between skilled and unskilled workers, but the wage shifts can feed across sectors through labor mobility.
Q: What are the implications for the future?
A: Historically, the United States has been very successful at the retention of foreign-born, Ph.D.-level scientists, inventors, and entrepreneurs. As China and India continue to develop, they will become more attractive places to live and to start companies. The returnee pattern may accelerate as foreign infrastructures become more developed for entrepreneurship. This is not going to happen over the next three years, but it is quite likely over the next thirty to fifty years. My current research is exploring how this reverse migration would impact the United States' rate of progress.
About the author
Michael Roberts is a senior lecturer in the Entrepreneurial Management unit at Harvard Business School.
The Immigrant Technologist:
Studying Technology Transfer with China
Q&A with: William Kerr and Michael Roberts
Published: January 22, 2007
Author: Michael Roberts
Executive Summary:
Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S., and are prime drivers of technology development. Increasingly, however, Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs are staying home to pursue opportunities. Is this a brain drain? Professor William Kerr discusses the phenomena of technology transfer and implications for U.S.-based businesses and policymakers.
The trend of Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs staying home rather than moving to the United States is a trend that potentially offers both harm and opportunity to U.S.-based interests.
Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S. and are strong contributors to American technology development. It is in the United States' interest to attract and retain this highly skilled group.
U.S. multinationals are placing larger shares of their R&D into foreign countries, around 15 percent today. U.S.-based ethnic scientists within multinationals help facilitate the operation of these foreign direct investment facilities in their home countries.
Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S., and are prime drivers of technology development. Increasingly, however, Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs are staying home to pursue opportunities. Is this a brain drain?
Q: Describe your research and how it relates to what you observed in China.
A: My research focuses on technology transfer through ethnic scientific and entrepreneurial networks. Traditional models of technology diffusion suggest that if you have a great idea, people who are ten feet away from you will learn about that idea first, followed by people who are 100 miles away, and so forth in concentric circles. My research on ethnic networks suggests this channel facilitates faster knowledge transfer and faster adoption of foreign technologies. For example, if the Chinese have a strong presence in the U.S. computer industry, relative to other ethnic groups, then computer technologies diffuse faster to China than elsewhere. This is true even for computer advances made by Americans, as the U.S.-based Chinese increase awareness and tacit knowledge development regarding these advances in their home country.
Q: Is your research relevant to other countries as well?
China is at a tipping point for entrepreneurship on an international scale.A: Yes, I have extended my empirical work to include over thirty industries and nine ethnicities, including Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Hispanic. It is very important to develop a broad sample to quantify correctly the overall importance of these networks. The Silicon Valley Chinese are a very special case, and my work seeks to understand the larger benefit these networks provide throughout the global economy. These macroeconomic findings are important inputs to business and policy circles.
Q: What makes technology transfer happen? Is it entrepreneurial opportunity in the home country, a loyalty to the home country, or government policies that encourage or require people to come home?
A: It's all of those. Surveys of these diasporic communities suggest they aid their home countries through both formal business relationships and informal contacts. Formal mechanisms run the spectrum from direct financial investment in overseas businesses that pursue technology opportunities to facilitating contracts and market awareness. Informal contacts are more frequent�the evidence we have suggests they are at least twice as common�and even more diverse in nature. Ongoing research will allow us to better distinguish these channels. A Beijing scholar we met on the trip, Henry Wang, and I are currently surveying a large population of Chinese entrepreneurs to paint a more comprehensive picture of the micro-underpinnings of this phenomena.
Q: What about multinational corporations? How do they fit into this scenario?
A: One of the strongest trends of globalization is that U.S. multinationals are placing larger shares of their R&D into foreign countries. About 5 percent of U.S.-sponsored R&D was done in foreign countries in the 1980s, and that number is around 15 percent today. We visited Microsoft's R&D center in Beijing to learn more about its R&D efforts and interactions with the U.S. parent. This facility was founded in the late 1990s, and it has already grown to house a third of Microsoft's basic-science R&D researchers. More broadly, HBS assistant professor Fritz Foley and I are working on a research project that has found that U.S.-based ethnic scientists within multinationals like Microsoft help facilitate the operation of these foreign direct investment facilities in their home countries.
Q: Does your research have implications for U.S. policy?
A: One implication concerns immigration levels. It is interesting to note that while immigrants account for about 15 percent of the U.S. working population, they account for almost half of our Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers. Even within the Ph.D. ranks, foreign-born individuals have a disproportionate number of Nobel Prizes, elections to the National Academy of Sciences, patent citations, and so forth. They are a very strong contributor to U.S. technology development, so it is in the United States' interest to attract and retain this highly skilled group. It is one of the easiest policy levers we have to influence our nation's rate of innovation.
Q: Are countries that send their scholars to the United States losing their best and brightest?
A: My research shows that having these immigrant scientists, entrepreneurs, and engineers in the United States helps facilitate faster technology transfer from the United States, which in turn aids economic growth and development. This is certainly a positive benefit diasporas bring to their home countries. It is important to note, however, that a number of factors should be considered in the "brain drain" versus "brain gain" debate, for which I do not think there is a clear answer today.
Q: Where does China stand in relation to some of the classic tiger economies that we've seen in the past in terms of technology transfer?
A: Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and similar smaller economies have achieved a full transition from agriculture-based economies to industrialized economies. In those situations, technology transfer increases labor productivity and wages directly. The interesting thing about China and also India is that about half of their populations are still employed in the agricultural sector. In this scenario, technology transfer may lead to faster sector reallocation�workers moving from agriculture to industry�which can weaken wage growth compared with the classic tiger economy example. This is an interesting dynamic we see in China today.
Q: The export growth that technology may engender is only one prong of the mechanism that helps economic development. Does technology also make purely domestic industries more productive?
A: Absolutely. My research shows that countries do increase their exports in industries that receive large technology infusions, but non-exporting industries also benefit from technology gains. Moreover, the technology transfer can raise wages in sectors that do not rely on technology to the extent there is labor mobility across sectors. A hairdresser in the United States, for example, makes more money than a hairdresser in China, and that is due in large part to the wage equilibrium that occurs across occupations and skill categories within an economy. Technology transfer may alter the wage premiums assigned to certain skill sets, for example, increasing the wage gaps between skilled and unskilled workers, but the wage shifts can feed across sectors through labor mobility.
Q: What are the implications for the future?
A: Historically, the United States has been very successful at the retention of foreign-born, Ph.D.-level scientists, inventors, and entrepreneurs. As China and India continue to develop, they will become more attractive places to live and to start companies. The returnee pattern may accelerate as foreign infrastructures become more developed for entrepreneurship. This is not going to happen over the next three years, but it is quite likely over the next thirty to fifty years. My current research is exploring how this reverse migration would impact the United States' rate of progress.
About the author
Michael Roberts is a senior lecturer in the Entrepreneurial Management unit at Harvard Business School.
rajenk
11-27 12:43 PM
Currently there is no way you can substitute a labor certification. Your post saying "Now the consulting firm is saying that they have substituted a labor for him" could you be more specific what "Substitution" means in this context?
I am forewarning not to get cheated!
Thanks
Raj
I am forewarning not to get cheated!
Thanks
Raj
vgayalu
01-24 11:33 AM
Please do not raise old hot topics.
The confusion created is enough. Do not confuse more and more.
Let IV work on one issue which ever is under consideration.
We need not to scare any body by mentioning H4 and nonsense.
Let everybody get some drink first. Then everyone wait for solid stuff.
[QUOTE=dionysus]My view is that IV must reassess and realign its goals. The goal of I-485 filing without a current PD is too ambitious to start with. Remember, I-485 is the most time-consuming and lengthy stage of a GC, what with security and background checks, tax records checks, prior legal stays in US and medical tests to name just a few. CIS is swamped with many I-485 applications as it is. If it opens the flood gates for 485 filing, its system will simply collapse under the stampede of estimated 1 million GC seekers. There is no chance in hell that CIS will throw open the gates of I-485 filing for all and sundry.
The confusion created is enough. Do not confuse more and more.
Let IV work on one issue which ever is under consideration.
We need not to scare any body by mentioning H4 and nonsense.
Let everybody get some drink first. Then everyone wait for solid stuff.
[QUOTE=dionysus]My view is that IV must reassess and realign its goals. The goal of I-485 filing without a current PD is too ambitious to start with. Remember, I-485 is the most time-consuming and lengthy stage of a GC, what with security and background checks, tax records checks, prior legal stays in US and medical tests to name just a few. CIS is swamped with many I-485 applications as it is. If it opens the flood gates for 485 filing, its system will simply collapse under the stampede of estimated 1 million GC seekers. There is no chance in hell that CIS will throw open the gates of I-485 filing for all and sundry.